0% Intro to Computers - NAT (National Aptitude Test)Intro to Computers refers to the Computer Science portion of the National Aptitude Test (NAT), a standardised test for admissions in Pakistan. 1 / 50Which programming language is often considered essential for web development? Fortran Assembly COBOL JavaScript 2 / 50 What is the key difference between SRAM and DRAM? SRAM is slower but cheaper than DRAM. DRAM is volatile, while SRAM is non-volatile. SRAM is used for main memory, while DRAM is used for cache. SRAM does not need to be refreshed, while DRAM does, making SRAM faster but more expensive. 3 / 50Which of the following is known as the "brain" of the computer? Motherboard Hard Disk Drive (HDD) Central Processing Unit (CPU) Random Access Memory (RAM) 4 / 50Which of these is a read-only memory? ROM SRAM Cache DRAM 5 / 50Which of these is an example of system software? Microsoft Word Adobe Photoshop Windows Operating System Google Chrome 6 / 50Which cybersecurity attack involves tricking a user into revealing sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy entity? Brute Force Attack Denial-of-Service (DoS) Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Phishing 7 / 50The concept of "pipelining" in a CPU architecture is used to: Increase the main memory size Allow the CPU to work on multiple instructions at different stages simultaneously Reduce the power consumption of the processor Connect the CPU to high-speed peripheral devices 8 / 50Which of these is an output device? Joystick Speaker Microphone Scanner 9 / 50A collection of 8 bits is called a: Byte Word Kilobyte Nibble 10 / 50What does 'www' stand for in a URL? Web World Wide Wide World Web World Wide Web World Web Wide 11 / 50Which type of programming paradigm is based on the concept of "objects"? Functional Programming Procedural Programming Object-Oriented Programming Logical Programming 12 / 50What is the fundamental purpose of an Assembler in the context of system software? To convert source code into an executable program all at once To translate assembly language into machine code To execute high-level language programs line by line To manage memory allocation for applications 13 / 50What type of software is used to access the internet? Spreadsheet Software Database Software Word Processor Web Browser 14 / 50The speed of a CPU is measured in: Gigahertz (GHz) Volts (V) Bits per second (bps) Megabytes (MB) 15 / 50What is the purpose of a firewall? To block unauthorized access to or from a private network To speed up internet connectivity To remove viruses from infected files To prevent hardware failures 16 / 50Which of the following is a volatile memory? RAM DVD Hard Disk ROM 17 / 50What is the role of the Kernel in an operating system? It provides a user-friendly interface for applications. It manages the file system and user accounts only. It is a temporary storage area for deleted files. It is the core component that manages CPU, memory, and devices, and runs in privileged mode. 18 / 50Which of the following is a function of the Control Unit? It converts AC power to DC power. It performs mathematical calculations. It provides permanent storage for the operating system. It decodes program instructions and directs other components. 19 / 50What does 'USB' stand for? Universal Serial Bus Universal System Buffer Unified System Bus United Service Board 20 / 50The process of starting a computer by loading the operating system into RAM is called: Executing Fetching Debugging Booting 21 / 50Which generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes? Fourth Generation First Generation Third Generation Second Generation 22 / 50What is the binary system composed of? Letters A-Z Numbers 0-9 Digits 0 and 1 Symbols and characters 23 / 50Which storage device typically has the largest capacity in a standard personal computer? RAM CD-ROM Hard Disk Drive USB Flash Drive 24 / 50The fetch-decode-execute cycle is fundamental to computer operation. What happens during the 'decode' phase? The ALU performs the required calculation or operation. The results of the operation are written back to memory. The CPU's control unit interprets the instruction and determines what action is required. The instruction is retrieved from memory. 25 / 50The physical components of a computer that you can touch and feel are collectively called: Liveware Firmware Software Hardware 26 / 50 In the context of data storage, what does 'RAID' stand for and what is its primary purpose? Random Access Independent Drive; to increase processing speed. Redundant Array of Independent Disks; to provide data redundancy and/or improve performance. Readily Available Internet Data; to speed up cloud access. Redundant Allocation of Internal Data; to manage virtual memory. 27 / 50What is the primary function of a computer? To connect to other computers around the world To store large amounts of data permanently To play games and browse the internet To process raw data into meaningful information 28 / 50What is the primary difference between a compiler and an interpreter? A compiler is faster but an interpreter produces more efficient code. A compiler is used for system software, an interpreter for application software. A compiler translates the entire program at once, while an interpreter translates line by line. A compiler works with high-level languages, while an interpreter works with low-level languages. 29 / 50The von Neumann architecture is characterized by: Using a single bus for both data and instructions. Using quantum bits (qubits) for calculation. The absence of a central processing unit. A separate memory for data and instructions (Harvard Architecture). 30 / 50What is the primary function of an input device? To process data according to instructions To accept data and instructions from the outside world To display information to the user To send data from the computer to another device 31 / 50Which of the following best describes a DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service) attack? An attack where a malicious program disguises itself as a legitimate one. An attack that intercepts communication between two parties. An attack that floods a target server with traffic from multiple compromised systems to make it unavailable. An attack that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom. 32 / 50Which of the following is an example of a real-time operating system (RTOS)? macOS Linux Windows 11 Software controlling an aircraft's navigation systems 33 / 50Which of these is a volatile storage medium? ROM-BIOS CPU Cache Solid State Drive (SSD) Blu-ray Disc 34 / 50In the context of networking, what does 'LAN' stand for? Local Area Network Local Access Network Long Area Network Large Area Network 35 / 50In a multi-core processor, what is the significant advantage of having multiple cores? It eliminates the need for RAM in the system. It allows the CPU to execute multiple instructions simultaneously, improving performance. It significantly increases the clock speed of the processor. Each core can run its own operating system independently. 36 / 50Which device is used to input text and commands into a computer? Mouse Keyboard Monitor Printer 37 / 50Which of the following is a key feature of cloud computing? It allows on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. It requires physical storage devices to be connected directly to the computer. It makes computers run without an operating system It is only used for backing up personal photos and videos. 38 / 50What is the main purpose of an operating system? To protect the computer from viruses To connect to the internet To create documents and spreadsheets To manage the computer's hardware and software resources 39 / 50What is the role of the ALU in a CPU? To manage the flow of data between hardware components ) To store frequently accessed data and instructions To perform all arithmetic and logical operations To control the timing of all computer operations 40 / 50What does 'IP' stand for in IP address? International Provider Integrated Program Internal Processing Internet Protocol 41 / 50Which cache memory level is typically the smallest and fastest, being located directly on the CPU chip? L3 Cache L1 Cache L2 Cache Virtual Cache 42 / 50Which type of software is designed to perform a specific task for the end-user? System Software Firmware Application Software Utility Software 43 / 50 In a database, a 'record' is a collection of: Files Fields Tables Databases 44 / 50In a client-server network model, what is the primary role of the server? To act as a simple input terminal for the user. To connect peripheral devices like printers To provide resources, data, and services to the client computers. B) C) D) . To run the user's personal applications like word processor. 45 / 50What does RAM stand for? Random Access Memory Random Active Memory Read And Memorize Readily Available Memory 46 / 50Which programming language is most closely associated with artificial intelligence and machine learning? Python Java PHP C++ 47 / 50What is the main advantage of using a Solid State Drive (SSD) over a Hard Disk Drive (HDD)? Faster data access speed and durability Better compatibility with older operating systems Larger storage capacity Lower cost per gigabyte 48 / 50Which protocol is primarily used for securely transferring web pages over the internet? HTTPS FTP HTTP SMTP 49 / 50Which of the following is NOT a type of computer? Laptop Mainframe Compiler Server 50 / 50 In networking, the difference between a router and a switch is that a router: Operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) Connects devices within the same LAN and uses MAC addresses Connects different networks and uses IP addresses to route traffic Is only used for wireless connections Your score isThe average score is 67% 0% Restart quiz