0% Intro to Computers - NAT (National Aptitude Test)Intro to Computers refers to the Computer Science portion of the National Aptitude Test (NAT), a standardised test for admissions in Pakistan. 1 / 50Which type of programming paradigm is based on the concept of "objects"? Functional Programming Object-Oriented Programming Logical Programming Procedural Programming 2 / 50What is the purpose of a firewall? To speed up internet connectivity To prevent hardware failures To remove viruses from infected files To block unauthorized access to or from a private network 3 / 50Which of these is a volatile storage medium? ROM-BIOS Blu-ray Disc Solid State Drive (SSD) CPU Cache 4 / 50What type of software is used to access the internet? Web Browser Word Processor Spreadsheet Software Database Software 5 / 50What is the fundamental purpose of an Assembler in the context of system software? To manage memory allocation for applications To translate assembly language into machine code To convert source code into an executable program all at once To execute high-level language programs line by line 6 / 50Which of these is a read-only memory? SRAM Cache ROM DRAM 7 / 50Which of the following is a key feature of cloud computing? It requires physical storage devices to be connected directly to the computer. It allows on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. It is only used for backing up personal photos and videos. It makes computers run without an operating system 8 / 50What is the main advantage of using a Solid State Drive (SSD) over a Hard Disk Drive (HDD)? Larger storage capacity Faster data access speed and durability Better compatibility with older operating systems Lower cost per gigabyte 9 / 50Which of these is an example of system software? Microsoft Word Google Chrome Adobe Photoshop Windows Operating System 10 / 50Which of the following is a volatile memory? Hard Disk RAM DVD ROM 11 / 50Which programming language is often considered essential for web development? JavaScript COBOL Assembly Fortran 12 / 50Which type of software is designed to perform a specific task for the end-user? Utility Software Application Software Firmware System Software 13 / 50What does 'www' stand for in a URL? Web World Wide World Wide Web World Web Wide Wide World Web 14 / 50What is the primary difference between a compiler and an interpreter? A compiler translates the entire program at once, while an interpreter translates line by line. A compiler works with high-level languages, while an interpreter works with low-level languages. A compiler is used for system software, an interpreter for application software. A compiler is faster but an interpreter produces more efficient code. 15 / 50What is the role of the Kernel in an operating system? It provides a user-friendly interface for applications. It manages the file system and user accounts only. It is a temporary storage area for deleted files. It is the core component that manages CPU, memory, and devices, and runs in privileged mode. 16 / 50In a client-server network model, what is the primary role of the server? To act as a simple input terminal for the user. To run the user's personal applications like word processor. To provide resources, data, and services to the client computers. B) C) D) . To connect peripheral devices like printers 17 / 50Which of the following is NOT a type of computer? Mainframe Server Laptop Compiler 18 / 50What is the primary function of an input device? To accept data and instructions from the outside world To send data from the computer to another device To process data according to instructions To display information to the user 19 / 50Which generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes? Fourth Generation Second Generation Third Generation First Generation 20 / 50The process of starting a computer by loading the operating system into RAM is called: Executing Debugging Booting Fetching 21 / 50In a multi-core processor, what is the significant advantage of having multiple cores? It allows the CPU to execute multiple instructions simultaneously, improving performance. Each core can run its own operating system independently. It significantly increases the clock speed of the processor. It eliminates the need for RAM in the system. 22 / 50 What is the key difference between SRAM and DRAM? SRAM is slower but cheaper than DRAM. SRAM does not need to be refreshed, while DRAM does, making SRAM faster but more expensive. DRAM is volatile, while SRAM is non-volatile. SRAM is used for main memory, while DRAM is used for cache. 23 / 50The speed of a CPU is measured in: Megabytes (MB) Bits per second (bps) Volts (V) Gigahertz (GHz) 24 / 50 In networking, the difference between a router and a switch is that a router: Is only used for wireless connections Connects devices within the same LAN and uses MAC addresses Operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) Connects different networks and uses IP addresses to route traffic 25 / 50In the context of networking, what does 'LAN' stand for? Large Area Network Local Access Network Local Area Network Long Area Network 26 / 50Which of the following is known as the "brain" of the computer? Motherboard Hard Disk Drive (HDD) Random Access Memory (RAM) Central Processing Unit (CPU) 27 / 50What is the binary system composed of? Symbols and characters Letters A-Z Numbers 0-9 Digits 0 and 1 28 / 50The concept of "pipelining" in a CPU architecture is used to: Allow the CPU to work on multiple instructions at different stages simultaneously Reduce the power consumption of the processor Connect the CPU to high-speed peripheral devices Increase the main memory size 29 / 50Which cybersecurity attack involves tricking a user into revealing sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy entity? Brute Force Attack Phishing Denial-of-Service (DoS) Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) 30 / 50 In a database, a 'record' is a collection of: Databases Files Fields Tables 31 / 50Which of these is an output device? Scanner Speaker Joystick Microphone 32 / 50Which of the following best describes a DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service) attack? An attack that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom. An attack where a malicious program disguises itself as a legitimate one. An attack that floods a target server with traffic from multiple compromised systems to make it unavailable. An attack that intercepts communication between two parties. 33 / 50What is the role of the ALU in a CPU? To control the timing of all computer operations To manage the flow of data between hardware components ) To perform all arithmetic and logical operations To store frequently accessed data and instructions 34 / 50What does 'USB' stand for? United Service Board Unified System Bus Universal Serial Bus Universal System Buffer 35 / 50The fetch-decode-execute cycle is fundamental to computer operation. What happens during the 'decode' phase? The results of the operation are written back to memory. The ALU performs the required calculation or operation. The CPU's control unit interprets the instruction and determines what action is required. The instruction is retrieved from memory. 36 / 50What does 'IP' stand for in IP address? Integrated Program International Provider Internet Protocol Internal Processing 37 / 50What is the main purpose of an operating system? To manage the computer's hardware and software resources To create documents and spreadsheets To connect to the internet To protect the computer from viruses 38 / 50What is the primary function of a computer? To play games and browse the internet To connect to other computers around the world To store large amounts of data permanently To process raw data into meaningful information 39 / 50Which device is used to input text and commands into a computer? Mouse Monitor Printer Keyboard 40 / 50Which storage device typically has the largest capacity in a standard personal computer? CD-ROM RAM Hard Disk Drive USB Flash Drive 41 / 50Which cache memory level is typically the smallest and fastest, being located directly on the CPU chip? L1 Cache L2 Cache L3 Cache Virtual Cache 42 / 50The physical components of a computer that you can touch and feel are collectively called: Software Firmware Liveware Hardware 43 / 50Which of the following is a function of the Control Unit? It performs mathematical calculations. It decodes program instructions and directs other components. It converts AC power to DC power. It provides permanent storage for the operating system. 44 / 50Which of the following is an example of a real-time operating system (RTOS)? Windows 11 Software controlling an aircraft's navigation systems Linux macOS 45 / 50The von Neumann architecture is characterized by: A separate memory for data and instructions (Harvard Architecture). The absence of a central processing unit. Using quantum bits (qubits) for calculation. Using a single bus for both data and instructions. 46 / 50What does RAM stand for? Random Access Memory Read And Memorize Random Active Memory Readily Available Memory 47 / 50Which programming language is most closely associated with artificial intelligence and machine learning? C++ PHP Java Python 48 / 50Which protocol is primarily used for securely transferring web pages over the internet? HTTP HTTPS FTP SMTP 49 / 50 In the context of data storage, what does 'RAID' stand for and what is its primary purpose? Readily Available Internet Data; to speed up cloud access. Random Access Independent Drive; to increase processing speed. Redundant Array of Independent Disks; to provide data redundancy and/or improve performance. Redundant Allocation of Internal Data; to manage virtual memory. 50 / 50A collection of 8 bits is called a: Byte Nibble Word Kilobyte Your score isThe average score is 67% 0% Restart quiz